Tổng hợp kiến thức Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh lớp 8

Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh lớp 8

Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh lớp 8 tại Việt Nam tiếp tục mở rộng và nâng cao các kiến thức đã học ở các lớp trước, đồng thời giới thiệu thêm một số cấu trúc ngữ pháp phức tạp hơn. Dưới đây là các chủ điểm ngữ pháp chính mà học sinh lớp 8 thường học:

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect):

Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hoặc một hành động khác trong quá khứ.

Cấu trúc:

Khẳng định: S + had + V3/ed.

Phủ định: S + had not (hadn’t) + V3/ed.

Nghi vấn: Had + S + V3/ed?

Ví dụ:

“By the time I arrived, they had left.”

“She had finished her homework before she went out.”

Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Third Conditional):

Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Third Conditional)

Dùng để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ và kết quả của nó.

Cấu trúc: If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would/could/might + have + V3/ed.

Ví dụ:

“If I had known about the party, I would have gone.”

“She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.”

Câu ước ở hiện tại và quá khứ (Wishes):

Ước cho hiện tại: diễn tả ước muốn điều gì đó khác đi ở hiện tại.

Cấu trúc: S + wish + S + V2/ed (quá khứ đơn).

Ví dụ: “I wish I were taller.”

Ước cho quá khứ: diễn tả sự tiếc nuối về một điều gì đó trong quá khứ.

Cấu trúc: S + wish + S + had + V3/ed.

Ví dụ: “I wish I had studied harder.”

Câu bị động (Passive Voice):

Câu bị động (Passive Voice) trong tiếng Anh

Dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động hoặc đối tượng bị tác động hơn là người thực hiện hành động.

Cấu trúc: S + to be + V3/ed + (by O).

Ví dụ:

“The homework was done by the students.”

“The cake is being baked by my mother.”

Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative Clauses):

Dùng để bổ sung thông tin cho danh từ, thường bắt đầu bằng các từ: who, whom, which, that, whose.

Có hai loại: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining) và không xác định (non-defining).

Ví dụ:

“The girl who is talking to John is my sister.” (defining)

“Mr. Smith, who is a famous writer, lives in this town.” (non-defining)

Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích (Clauses of Purpose):

Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích (Clauses of Purpose)

Dùng để chỉ mục đích của một hành động.

Cấu trúc:

To + V-infinitive: “She went to the market to buy some fruits.”

In order to/So as to + V-infinitive: “He studies hard in order to pass the exam.”

So that + S + can/could/will/would + V: “She turned off the music so that she could concentrate.”

Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (Clauses of Result):

Dùng để chỉ kết quả của một hành động.

Cấu trúc:

So + adj/adv + that: “The test was so difficult that no one passed.”

Such + (a/an) + adj + N + that: “It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.”

Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân (Clauses of Reason):

Dùng để chỉ nguyên nhân hoặc lý do của một hành động.

Cấu trúc: Because/Since/As + S + V.

Ví dụ:

“He didn’t go to school because he was sick.”

“Since it was raining, we decided to stay at home.”

Câu gián tiếp (Reported Speech):

Dùng để tường thuật lại lời nói của người khác.

Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, cần thay đổi đại từ, thì của động từ, và các từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn.

Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: “She said, ‘I am tired.'”

Gián tiếp: “She said that she was tired.”

Trực tiếp: “He asked, ‘Where do you live?'”

Gián tiếp: “He asked where I lived.”

Cụm động từ (Phrasal Verbs):

Gồm một động từ kết hợp với một giới từ hoặc trạng từ để tạo thành một nghĩa mới.

Ví dụ: “look after” (chăm sóc), “give up” (từ bỏ), “turn on” (bật), “turn off” (tắt).

Những chủ điểm ngữ pháp này giúp học sinh lớp 8 hiểu rõ hơn về các cấu trúc ngữ pháp phức tạp, từ đó nâng cao khả năng sử dụng tiếng Anh một cách chính xác và tự tin hơn.

Bài tập thực hành ngữ pháp tiếng anh lớp 8

Bài 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect)

By the time I arrived, they (leave) ___________.

She (finish) ___________ her homework before she went out.

We (already see) ___________ that movie before last night.

When he came to the party, everyone (go) ___________ home.

They (not eat) ___________ anything until their mother came back.

Bài 2: Viết lại câu sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 (Third Conditional)

If I (know) ___________ about the party, I (go) ___________.

If she (study) ___________ harder, she (pass) ___________ the exam.

If they (take) ___________ the bus, they (arrive) ___________ on time.

If he (not be) ___________ sick, he (join) ___________ us for dinner.

If we (save) ___________ more money, we (buy) ___________ a new car.

Bài 3: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc câu ước (Wishes)

I wish I (be) ___________ taller.

She wishes she (have) ___________ a new bike.

They wish they (not miss) ___________ the train.

He wishes he (can) ___________ speak English fluently.

We wish we (visit) ___________ Paris last summer.

Bài 4: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động (Passive Voice)

They have built a new hospital in the town.

She is writing a letter.

The teacher will explain the lesson tomorrow.

People speak English all over the world.

He had cleaned the room before I arrived.

Bài 5: Điền đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, which, that, whose) vào chỗ trống

The man ___________ lives next door is a doctor.

The book ___________ you gave me is very interesting.

She is the girl ___________ brother is in my class.

The car ___________ was stolen has been found.

He is the person ___________ I met yesterday.

Bài 6: Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích (Clauses of Purpose)

She studied hard (to pass the exam).

He moved to the city (in order to find a job).

They went to the supermarket (so that they could buy some groceries).

I’m saving money (to buy a new computer).

She’s learning English (so that she can travel to England).

Bài 7: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu gián tiếp (Reported Speech)

She said, “I am tired.”

He asked, “Where do you live?”

They said, “We will go to the party.”

The teacher said, “You should do your homework.”

She asked, “Can you help me?”

Bài 8: Điền cụm động từ phù hợp (phrasal verbs) vào chỗ trống

She looks ___________ her younger brother.

They decided to give ___________ their old clothes.

He turned ___________ the TV after watching the news.

She came ___________ a new idea for the project.

The teacher told us to write ___________ the homework.

Bài 9: Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống với mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (Clauses of Result)

The test was ___________ difficult that no one passed.

It was ___________ a hot day that we stayed indoors.

The box was ___________ heavy that I couldn’t carry it.

She was ___________ tired that she fell asleep immediately.

It was ___________ an interesting movie that I watched it twice.

Bài 10: Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống với mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân (Clauses of Reason)

He didn’t go to school ___________ he was sick.

___________ it was raining, we decided to stay at home.

She passed the exam ___________ she studied hard.

We went home early ___________ we were tired.

He was late ___________ there was a lot of traffic.

Đáp án:

Bài 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect)

By the time I arrived, they had left.
She had finished her homework before she went out.
We had already seen that movie before last night.
When he came to the party, everyone had gone home.
They had not eaten anything until their mother came back.
Bài 2: Viết lại câu sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 (Third Conditional)

If I had known about the party, I would have gone.
If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
If they had taken the bus, they would have arrived on time.
If he had not been sick, he would have joined us for dinner.
If we had saved more money, we would have bought a new car.
Bài 3: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc câu ước (Wishes)

I wish I were taller.
She wishes she had a new bike.
They wish they had not missed the train.
He wishes he could speak English fluently.
We wish we had visited Paris last summer.
Bài 4: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động (Passive Voice)

A new hospital has been built in the town.
A letter is being written by her.
The lesson will be explained by the teacher tomorrow.
English is spoken all over the world.
The room had been cleaned by him before I arrived.
Bài 5: Điền đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, which, that, whose) vào chỗ trống

The man who lives next door is a doctor.
The book which/that you gave me is very interesting.
She is the girl whose brother is in my class.
The car which/that was stolen has been found.
He is the person whom I met yesterday.
Bài 6: Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích (Clauses of Purpose)

She studied hard to pass the exam.
He moved to the city in order to find a job.
They went to the supermarket so that they could buy some groceries.
I’m saving money to buy a new computer.
She’s learning English so that she can travel to England.
Bài 7: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu gián tiếp (Reported Speech)

She said (that) she was tired.
He asked where I lived.
They said (that) they would go to the party.
The teacher said (that) I should do my homework.
She asked if I could help her.
Bài 8: Điền cụm động từ phù hợp (phrasal verbs) vào chỗ trống

She looks after her younger brother.
They decided to give away their old clothes.
He turned off the TV after watching the news.
She came up with a new idea for the project.
The teacher told us to write down the homework.
Bài 9: Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống với mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (Clauses of Result)

The test was so difficult that no one passed.
It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.
The box was so heavy that I couldn’t carry it.
She was so tired that she fell asleep immediately.
It was such an interesting movie that I watched it twice.
Bài 10: Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống với mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân (Clauses of Reason)

He didn’t go to school because he was sick.
Since/Because it was raining, we decided to stay at home.
She passed the exam because she studied hard.
We went home early because we were tired.
He was late because there was a lot of traffic.